Overview
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that causes recurrent wheezing, cough, chest tightness and breathlessness. Symptoms may vary considerably over time and can be triggered by allergens, infections, exercise, pollution, smoke or other environmental factors.
Common Symptoms
- Recurrent wheezing
- Breathlessness on exertion or at rest
- Chest tightness
- Persistent or nocturnal cough
- Symptoms triggered by allergens, exercise, cold air or infections
- Variable symptoms that change over time
When to Consult a Pulmonologist
Consult if you have recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, persistent cough, symptoms that are worse at night or early morning, or symptoms triggered by known factors.
How We Diagnose It
Diagnosis may involve clinical assessment, spirometry with bronchodilator testing, FeNO to assess airway inflammation, impulse oscillometry in selected patients, and allergy evaluation where appropriate.
Treatment Approach
Treatment is individualised according to symptom control, exacerbation risk and airway inflammation. Inhaled controller therapy, correct inhaler technique and adherence are essential. Trigger avoidance, monitoring and regular review are important components.
