Overview
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a diverse group of disorders affecting the supporting tissue (interstitium) of the lungs. Patients commonly experience progressive breathlessness and dry cough. Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most important ILD subtypes. Early evaluation is important as some ILDs may benefit from specific treatments.
Common Symptoms
- Progressive breathlessness, especially on exertion
- Dry persistent cough
- Reduced exercise tolerance
- Fatigue
- Crackling sounds in the lungs (heard on examination)
- Finger clubbing in some cases
When to Consult a Pulmonologist
Consult if you have progressive breathlessness, persistent dry cough, or abnormal findings on chest imaging.
How We Diagnose It
Diagnosis frequently requires integration of clinical history, HRCT chest findings, pulmonary function testing including DLCO, autoimmune blood tests and, in selected patients, bronchoscopy or other investigations.
Treatment Approach
Treatment differs according to the type of ILD. Options may include immunomodulatory therapy, antifibrotic treatment (for IPF), pulmonary rehabilitation, oxygen therapy and supportive care. Multidisciplinary evaluation may be appropriate in complex cases.
