Overview
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is a chronic respiratory condition characterised by persistent airflow limitation and symptoms such as breathlessness, cough and sputum production. Although cigarette smoking is an important cause, COPD can also result from biomass exposure, occupational exposures and other factors.
Common Symptoms
- Progressive breathlessness, especially on exertion
- Chronic cough with or without sputum
- Recurrent chest infections (exacerbations)
- Wheezing
- Reduced exercise tolerance
- Fatigue
When to Consult a Pulmonologist
Consult if you have persistent breathlessness, chronic cough or sputum, frequent chest infections, or if you smoke or have had significant smoke or dust exposure.
How We Diagnose It
Evaluation includes spirometry (to confirm airflow limitation), oxygen saturation assessment, exercise capacity testing, imaging, and assessment of exacerbation risk and comorbidities.
Treatment Approach
Treatment may include inhaled medications (bronchodilators, steroids), smoking cessation support, vaccination, pulmonary rehabilitation, nutritional advice and oxygen therapy in appropriately selected patients.
